
The common spitting cobra we caught in our garden
This is the information I received from Ron Lilley of Yayasan Alam Indonesia Lestari (LINI)/THE INDONESIAN NATURE FOUNDATION (see contact information below), who kindly took the time to write down this useful information and I’m very happy to spread the word!
The adult common spitting cobra (Naja sputatrix). The one on the picture is unusually grey – cobras here (in Bali) are more usually light cream, but the colour does vary from light to dark cream, brown and even black. It is VERY POISONOUS, but not likely to attack unless provoked, stepped on, cornered or scared in any way.
These snakes do not usually spread their hoods either unless feeling threatened, so they look like any other snake when just crawling along.
They are called spitting cobras because, when threatened, they can spray fine jets of venom from their fangs about 2m, and usually upwards towards the person’s/animal’s eyes. They do this as a defence mechanism, and while the animal (or human) reacts to the painful stinging that the poison produces in the eyes, the snake can escape.
If the venom does come into contact with the eyes, they should be washed out under running water for about 20-30 minutes to wash away the venom. NEVER RUB THE EYES AS THIS WILL ALLOW THE VENOM TO ENTER THE SMALL BLOOD VESSELS, AND THIS CAN CAUSE BLINDNESS! I usually wear glasses or goggles when catching these snakes. Any poison sprayed onto the skin can just be washed off without harm. The venom needs to enter a cut and get into the bloodstream to cause harm.
Cobras will bite if restrained or cornered. The first bite might contain little or no venom (a so-called ‘dry bite’) in which case the person will not feel any effects, or only a little local pain. BUT AFTER ANY SNAKEBITE (POISONOUS OR NOT) YOU MUST GO STRAIGHT TO HOSPITAL AND SEEK
MEDICAL ATTENTION! If the snake hangs on and delivers a full bite (usually 2 fang marks visible) one should wash the wound gently and clean with ’Betadine’ (Povodine Iodine solution). DO NOT SQUEEZE, SUCK OR CUT THE WOUND AS THIS CAN CAUSE MORE PROBLEMS! Wrap a wide stretch bandage or similar (not a string, rope or other narrow tourniquet) just above the bitten area and then all the way up the limb. This should slow the spread of the venom without causing gangrene later on, or shock when the tourniquet is released. Then hold a pressure pad onto the bite and press gently until you reach the hospital. This should also slow the spread of the poison.
Keep the bitten limb AS STILL AS POSSIBLE, below the heart, IMMOBILIZE IT WITH A SPLINT and then get someone to take the person IMMEDIATELY TO HOSPITAL . Sanglah hospital in Denpasar have an emergency room and you should call ahead to let them know you are bringing in a snakebite patient.
Sanglah hospital Tel. no. 0361 227 911. Then press 0 for the operator, and explain the problem to them. For emergencies, it is quicker if the patient is taken directly to the hospital, and straight to the UGD (Unit Gawat Darurat) or ER (Emergency Room), rather than waiting for an ambulance!
Reassure the patient that they are not likely to die, but they must keep still, to prevent the heart from beating too quickly and causing the venom to circulate round the body. One usually has at least an hour or more, depending on where one is bitten, before the effects become really serious.
They should have antivenom in Sanglah too. BUT DO NOT WASTE TIME! SPEED IS THE KEY TO SUCCESSFUL SNAKEBITE TREATMENT!
If a pet is bitten, take it IMMEDIATELY to a good vet who should be able to treat it. A number of dogs and cats are bitten in Bali every year, and unfortunately many of them do die because of their small size. This is particularly true of pedigree and non-Balinese animals, which try to attack
the snake. Balinese dogs and cats seem to keep their distance more, and thus avoid getting bitten!
Read more about snakes in Bali in this article from the Jakarta Post
Yayasan Alam Indonesia Lestari (LINI)
THE INDONESIAN NATURE FOUNDATION
Office: Jl. Tirta Nadi No. 21
Kelurahan Sanur Kauh, Kecamatan Denpasar Selatan
Bali 80227 – Indonesia
Office Tel. +62 (0)361 8427168
Office Fax. +62 (0)361 286 806
LINI Email: info@lini.or.id
Website: http://www.lini.or.id